Bank of China

Bank Relationships & Cash Management in China

Report date: 
7 May 2025

Commentary

China is in the news a lot at the moment. Interestingly, this – well attended - call was very much in line with our usual discussions on the country: not a single mention of trade wars or tariffs. On the other hand, there was a lively discussion about all the usual issues related to pooling cash and managing banking relations – issues which show no sign of going away.

All peers on the call reported that business was strong, with most generating cash. They also repeated a theme familiar to people who know China: contrary to the common perception of a highly rigid and regimented society, there is a lot of confusion as to what the regulations actually are, and there are regular inconsistencies in how they are applied. 

This “summary” is long (the full report is 15 pages of granular detail): a lot of details were discussed, and these are generally appreciated. As always, these are the experiences and views of our peers, (lightly) edited for clarity.

The main topics:

  • Domestic cash pooling: many, but not all, peers practice this. However, they do all come up against limits related to the equity of the pool header. 
  • Cross-border pooling: this is where there is the most uncertainty.
    • There are two main schemes, operating under licences provided by either PBOC (People’s Bank of China) or SAFE (State Administration for Foreign Exchange). These have different quotas, rules and requirements and approval delays. 
    • There has been talk for some time that the two schemes will be merged, but there is little concrete evidence this is happening.
    • It has been suggested that, while existing schemes continue to operate, the approval of new ones has been slowed. Several peers are looking to implement new...
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China Cash Pooling - Approaches & Experiences : Corporate Treasury

Report date: 
8 Jul 2024

This discussion explored the complexities of cash pooling in China, a topic that frequently arises in treasury conversations. While the goal was to clarify the regulatory landscape and operational requirements, the findings reinforced the reality that rules remain open to interpretation and can vary significantly depending on the bank and regulatory body involved.

Peers examined the key distinctions between domestic and cross-border pooling, the regulatory approvals required, and the different approaches banks offer. The discussion also touched on challenges related to tax considerations, currency exposure, and the evolving stance of authorities on approvals and compliance.

Rather than a single, definitive framework, the session highlighted the diversity of experiences and strategies companies use to navigate cash pooling in China. For treasurers managing liquidity across borders, this report provides critical insights into practical considerations, regulatory nuances, and emerging trends. The full version offers further details on bank-specific practices, tax implications, and risk management approaches.

 

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Payment Platforms & Collections in China

Report date: 
22 Jun 2022

Commentary

Cryptocurrency, digital wallets, virtual everything – there is a huge amount of change. China has been at the forefront of a lot of digital trends, partly due to the fact it had an antiquated banking system which has been thoroughly modernised, and partly because the explosion of internet shopping in the country required a digital payments solution. This is a challenge when there are no credit cards. 

This report is based on a Treasury peer Call which explored how this is affecting members’ companies, and how they are adapting to this brave new, digital, world.

  • Most participants are accepting payment using WeChat Pay and Alipay. None is using these tools to make corporate payments.
  • The collections process using these tools is efficient and effective: you work with a third party (usually accessed via a banking provider), who will transfer the funds to your account the following day. One participant did an RFP, with two Chinese and two foreign banks, and found the service was identical – though pricing was different, and not transparent.
  • There was no mention of billbacks, the excessively high fees and acquirors which blight the use of credit cards in other countries
  • The one complaint all participants had was the difficulty linking this process to internal systems, for the reconciliation of receipts or for compliance purposes in terms of identifying the source of cash. The third party companies do provide detailed lists of payors, but it can be difficult to upload these into the ERP system.
  • There was a lot of discussion about....please sign in to continue
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Regional Bank Relationships in Asia

Report date: 
2 Jun 2022

Commentary

The way treasurers manage banking relations provides a key insight into how they approach their job. This session was no exception – and we had the additional benefit of input from senior banker in Asia and Advisory Board member John Laurens, who shared his view from the other side of the fence.

  • Nearly everyone had the same goal: try to get the most efficient banking structure.
  • This nearly always involves a general preference for dealing with core international relationship banks over having many local relationships
  • However, one participant commented that local banks in Asia often have excellent technology and services – but it is difficult to get HQ to agree to go with them
  • In any case, there are many situations where local banks are still required, to support tax payments or local payment systems. China, India, Korea and Japan were the countries where this was most frequent.
  • In awarding business to banks, most companies tend to give a preference to the institutions who participate in credit facilities. Exceptions were made when justified by a specific service, but this could become an issue when credit needs increased.
  • Several participants have either recently restructured their banking relationships, or are currently doing so. Comments:
    • It is very important to get the local team on board. They will usually accept the outcome and help if they own the decision, and can see clear benefits.
    • The RFP process is useful, but it is important to carefully check the responses. One participant found that banks often tried to sell capabilities they did not yet have – it is important to focus on what they can deliver today. They also found it was beneficial to use...please sign in to continue reading
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Topics covered in this report: 
Service providers discussed in this report: 

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Treasury & FX in China

Report date: 
14 Mar 2019

Included in this report: Entrustment pools, cross-border pooling, electronic BADs

Service providers discussed in this report: 

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Treasury & FX in China

Report date: 
25 Sep 2019

In this report: Netting, pooling, supply chain finance, customs guarantees, cash repatriation, Hedging, Local v International banks and T&E

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