Deutsche Bank

Treasury & FX in Bangladesh, Pakistan & Sri Lanka

Report date: 
20 Jan 2023

Commentary

Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka – three countries with sizeable populations and even bigger economic and social problems. They are difficult places to do business at the best of times – but they have become even more problematic with recent world events, limiting tourism receipts in Sri Lanka and restricting the apparel export business in Bangladesh.

The themes across the three countries were remarkably consistent, though there are variations in the detail:

  • For all our participants, these are important markets, so they are staying there, even though it is very difficult to get currency out. However, one participant is in the process of divesting their entity in Pakistan.
  • FX has always been an issue in these countries, but it has got worse recently. However, the prospect of an IMF package has led to some improvement in Sri Lanka.
  • Officially, none of the countries has strict exchange control regulations, but in practice, they are restricting the outflows of hard currency by a series of administrative measures. Goods imports tend to be prioritised over services, royalties and dividends.
  • In Pakistan, central bank approval is required for all
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Topics covered in this report: 
Hedging FX, Cash Repatriation, Dividends, Royalties, Funding, Intercompany invoices, Letters of Credit (LC), Bank Relationships, Investing, Imports, intercompany netting
Service providers discussed in this report: 
HSBC, Standard Chartered, Deutsche Bank, Citi, Sampath Bank, Habib Bank, Commercial Bank (Sri Lanka)

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Treasury & FX in Thailand

Report date: 
27 Sep 2022

Commentary

Thailand is a large and relatively prosperous country, with an area close to that of France and a population of nearly 70 million. It has a long tradition of fierce independence – it is the only country in the region which was never colonised. Today, the country participates actively in the global and regional economy – it is a member of ASEAN, but it retains a distinctive approach.

 

The result is a country which is modern and business friendly, but which continues to present some challenges. Generally, our participants find that it works: they are able to do cross-border funding into, and out of, Thailand, and include it in various cash pools. But there are remnants of FX controls – recently relaxed – and it can be challenging to know exactly what the rules are. 

 

Main highlights:

  • It is easy to convert Thai bhat (THB) into foreign currency, usually the USD. Traditionally, there have been documentation requirements, but many participants find these are being relaxed.
  • During the Asian crisis of 1997 to 1998, Thailand forbade the remittance of THB out of the country. This is now allowed, but apparently for the settlement of THB denominated invoices: the consensus was that it.......continues
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Topics covered in this report: 
Cash Pooling - domestic, Cash Pooling - cross border, Funding, Intercompany loans, intercompany netting, Investments
Service providers discussed in this report: 
HSBC, JP Morgan, Bank of America, Deutsche Bank, Kyriba

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Payment Platforms & Collections in China

Report date: 
22 Jun 2022

Commentary

Cryptocurrency, digital wallets, virtual everything – there is a huge amount of change. China has been at the forefront of a lot of digital trends, partly due to the fact it had an antiquated banking system which has been thoroughly modernised, and partly because the explosion of internet shopping in the country required a digital payments solution. This is a challenge when there are no credit cards. 

This report is based on a Treasury peer Call which explored how this is affecting members’ companies, and how they are adapting to this brave new, digital, world.

  • Most participants are accepting payment using WeChat Pay and Alipay. None is using these tools to make corporate payments.
  • The collections process using these tools is efficient and effective: you work with a third party (usually accessed via a banking provider), who will transfer the funds to your account the following day. One participant did an RFP, with two Chinese and two foreign banks, and found the service was identical – though pricing was different, and not transparent.
  • There was no mention of billbacks, the excessively high fees and acquirors which blight the use of credit cards in other countries
  • The one complaint all participants had was the difficulty linking this process to internal systems, for the reconciliation of receipts or for compliance purposes in terms of identifying the source of cash. The third party companies do provide detailed lists of payors, but it can be difficult to upload these into the ERP system.
  • There was a lot of discussion about....please sign in to continue
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Topics covered in this report: 
Payments - domestic, Collections - domestic, Bankers Acceptance Drafts, Crypto currency, eCNY, Entrustment loans, T&E Management, Supply Chain Finance, Cash Pooling - cross border, Cash Pooling - domestic
Service providers discussed in this report: 
Alipay, WeChat Pay, Bank of China, ICBC, Deutsche Bank, HSBC, Citi, JP Morgan, Standard Chartered, Concur, Conferma, Kyriba

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Regional Bank Relationships in Asia

Report date: 
2 Jun 2022

Commentary

The way treasurers manage banking relations provides a key insight into how they approach their job. This session was no exception – and we had the additional benefit of input from senior banker in Asia and Advisory Board member John Laurens, who shared his view from the other side of the fence.

  • Nearly everyone had the same goal: try to get the most efficient banking structure.
  • This nearly always involves a general preference for dealing with core international relationship banks over having many local relationships
  • However, one participant commented that local banks in Asia often have excellent technology and services – but it is difficult to get HQ to agree to go with them
  • In any case, there are many situations where local banks are still required, to support tax payments or local payment systems. China, India, Korea and Japan were the countries where this was most frequent.
  • In awarding business to banks, most companies tend to give a preference to the institutions who participate in credit facilities. Exceptions were made when justified by a specific service, but this could become an issue when credit needs increased.
  • Several participants have either recently restructured their banking relationships, or are currently doing so. Comments:
    • It is very important to get the local team on board. They will usually accept the outcome and help if they own the decision, and can see clear benefits.
    • The RFP process is useful, but it is important to carefully check the responses. One participant found that banks often tried to sell capabilities they did not yet have – it is important to focus on what they can deliver today. They also found it was beneficial to use...please sign in to continue reading
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Topics covered in this report: 
ASEAN, Bank Relationships, RFPs
Service providers discussed in this report: 
Citi, JP Morgan, HSBC, Deutsche Bank, Bank of America, Standard Chartered, ICBC, DBS, Bank of China

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